This study analyzed serum samples from a previous randomized control trial (RCT) of North Carolina outdoor workers. americanum tick bites and anti-alpha-gal IgE antibody levels in a cohort of outdoor workers in the state of North Carolina, USA. The purpose of this study was to prospectively define the relationship between A. Lone star tick bites have been retrospectively or circumstantially linked to the development of AGS however, to date no study has evaluated changes in immune sensitization to alpha-gal following documented exposure to A. In the USA, most cases of AGS have been reported from the Southeast, where the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, is a prevalent and problematic human-biting species. Thus, evidence from prospective studies is needed to confirm the role of tick bites in the development of AGS. While these previous reports have proposed a relationship between tick bites and AGS, the nature of the study designs (case reports, cross-sectional studies or retrospective epidemiological studies ) preclude recording of the exposure prior to the outcome and are vulnerable to recall bias and exposure misclassification. beef, pork, lamb) or its derivatives, and a positive serum IgE result to alpha-gal (≥ 0.1 kU/l) Since 2009, AGS has been widely reported in North America, Australia, Europe and Asia, with bites from various tick species often suggested as a proximate cause of AGS. AGS is characterized by a delayed onset allergic reaction following ingestion of mammalian meat (e.g. americanum as likely agents for eliciting an allergic response to red meat, and highlight the importance of preventing tick bites.Īlpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), present in non-primate mammals. americanum bites and increased sensitization to alpha-gal in a cohort of outdoor workers. To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively link documented exposure to A. A trend toward increasing number of tick bites and increased anti-alpha-gal IgE levels was observed but not statistically significant. This relationship was not dependent on time. Individuals who reported exposure to one or more tick bites were significantly more likely to have a positive change in anti-alpha-gal IgE compared to individuals with no reported tick bites. We used serum samples from a prior study cohort of outdoor workers in North Carolina, USA, with high exposure to the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, to prospectively evaluate the relationship between tick bites and anti-alpha-gal IgE antibodies. However, evidence prospectively linking exposure to a single tick species and an immune response to alpha-gal is lacking. Exposure to tick bites has been correlated with development of an allergic response to alpha-gal. Alpha-gal is an oligosaccharide implicated in delayed anaphylaxis following red meat consumption.
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